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Sunglasses are popular for comfort and fashion, but now there is medical evidence
supporting the use of sunglasses to protect the long-term health of the eyes.
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More than a dozen studies have shown that spending hours in the sun without proper eye
protection can increase the chances of developing age-related eye diseases like cataracts
and macular degeneration. Ophthalmologists now recommend wearing UV-absorbent sunglasses
and brimmed hats when in the sun long enough to get a suntan or sunburn.
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People mistakenly confuse the ability of sunglasses to block UV light with the color and
darkness of the lenses. In truth, UV protection comes from a chemical coating applied to
the surface of the lens. Shop for sunglasses that absorb 99 or 100% of all ultraviolet (UV)
light. Some lens manufacturers' labels say "UV absorption up to 400 nm." This is the same
thing as 100% UV absorption.
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In addition to UV light, sunlight also has low levels of infrared rays. Infrared wavelengths
are invisible and produce heat. The eye seems to tolerate infrared well. Research has not
shown a connection between eye disease and infrared light ray exposure.
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Polarized lenses cut reflected glare, like sunlight bouncing off water, pavement, or snow.
Sunglasses with polarized lenses are popular and useful for fishing, driving, and skiing.
Polarization has nothing to do with UV light absorption, but many polarized lenses are
now made with a UV-blocking substance.
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Wraparound glasses are shaped to keep light from shining around the frames and into the eyes.
Studies have shown that enough UV rays enter around ordinary eyeglass frames to reduce the
benefits of protective lenses. Large-framed, close-fitting wraparound sunglasses protect
the eyes from all angles. Wraparound sunglasses should be considered by commercial fishermen,
mountain climbers, skiers, or anyone who spends time at high altitudes or on the water.
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